Tomato is one of the most wide develop vegetables in the world . In every culinary art , tomatoes hold the farthest grandness due to their various uses and nutritional value . Therefore , tomato is amongst the most pop veg around the world .
Furthermore , the crop is acclimatized to different climatical stipulation and a wide range of soils . The follow clause will help you , realize more about Tomato as a harvest and also guide beginners to empathise Tomato Farming proficiency .
The botanical name for tomato isSolanum lycopersicumand it belongs to the Solanaceae syndicate . The chromosomal number of tomato is 2n=24 . Tomato is a aborigine of Mexico and was 1st found on record in the class 1554 in South America . Tomato is a quick - season crop and it necessitate a tender and coolheaded climate for in force yield production . inauspicious climatical stipulation such as rime , high humidity , and temperature below 10 ° blow and above 35 ° C pretend the tissues of the plant result in the slow physiological activity of the plant .
Tomato farming by© Jorge Arturo Ruelas Mejía
Pigmentation in tomato
Description of Important parts of Tomato plant
Importance of Tomatoes and Tomato Farming
Production Technology of Tomato
Climatic conditions of tomato farming
Tomato need a ardent and nerveless mood . The optimal temperature for the cultivation of tomatoes is 20 ° C- 24 ° one C . Temperature below 10 ° coulomb and above 30 ° atomic number 6 could bear on the physiological ontogenesis of the plant . tomato plant plant can not tolerate eminent humidness and rime shape . The intensity of the light also affects the pigmentation in the fruit . Above 27 ° C the production of pigment apace drops .
Soil type in tomato farming
Tomatoes grow well in a immense scope of soils . They opt abstruse , well - drained , loamy soils . The ideal pH of the soil is 6.0 - 7.0 . cryptical tillage in dense soils rich in organic matter allows adequate root penetration leave in ripe production .
Time of Planting and season
The tomato crop can be grow in any time of year as it is a solar day - neutral crop . In the Northern knit stitch , the sow time of year is Kharif season- July , Rabi season- October- November , and Zaid- February .
Note- In Robert Frost - affected areas , the Rabi season love apple crop remains unfruitful .
In southerly plain , 1stsowing is done in January , 2ndsowing in June - July , and 3rdsowing in September- October , only in areas unaffected by freeze .
Vertical farming
Nursery preparation
a ) Plough the field well .
b ) go for well - rotten Farmyard Manure ( FYM ) @25tonne / hectare at farming cooking .
c ) Castor cake/ Calotropis cake/ Neem cake @ 100 kg can be applied to the soil .
Hydroponics in tomato farming
d ) Now , gear up 3 - 4 mebibyte recollective , 120 cm astray raised beds with 15 cm height to ward off piss logging in the greenhouse .
Seed and Sowing in tomato farming
For sowing intent , make certain the seeds are disease - free , healthy , and practicable .
Varieties of Tomatoes for farming
Open - pollinated varietiesinclude Arka Meghali , Arka Alok , Arka Abha , Arka Ashish , Solan Gola , and Paiyur 1
Hybridsinclude Pusa Hybrid 1 , Pusa Hybrid 2 , Pusa Hybrid 4 , Arka Vardan , Pusa Sadabahar etc .
Nursery Management
a ) Irrigating the nursery double a Clarence Shepard Day Jr. is important for the well-timed sprouting of the seedling .
b ) After the germination of seedling , remove the straw .
Land Preparation for Transplanting
i ) Plough the playing area 4 - 5 times with enough time intervals between two ploughings .
ii ) Planking is a must for leveling the theater of operations before transplanting .
ii ) Add well decompose FYM @ 25tonne / hectare in the field .
Transplanting in tomato farming
a ) Seedlings are either transfer in flatbeds or shallow furrow .
b ) In case of backbreaking ground transplant seedlings in ridges and this also help in the rainy season as well .
c ) Generally , the seedlings are transplant in 10 - 14 days of sprouting when they have 5 - 6 parting and their stem starts indurate a piddling .
Manure and Fertilizers
During planting lotion of 60Kg N , 8Kg P2O5 , and 50Kg K2O should be done . And other one-half N should be use as a top dressing after 30 days of germination .
Irrigation
a ) unclouded irrigation should be done after 2 - 3 days of sowing .
b ) Irrigation mostly look upon the dirt but in general , the field should be irrigated in hebdomadal musical interval .
c ) Cracking of fruit is a problem caused due to irrigate the crop after a prolonged wry spell . Hence , this should be prevented anyhow .
d ) Critical menstruation of Irrigation is the Flowering and Fruit development degree . Therefore , water system accent during this menstruum could regard craw production .
Intercultural Operations in tomato farming
In the initial growth stages , the field should be weed free as during this prison term full stop there is high-pitched competition between the seedlings and sens for food , sunlight , and water supply . And in long runnel , these weeds become the ground for downhearted harvest yield and even crop loser . Hoeing and earthing up are important for removing dope from the field . Pre - emergence program of weedicide such as Pendimethalin @ 1Kg a.i./hectare is effective for the control of weeds . Along with it , mulching can also be done for forbid weed plague in the crop .
The varieties of tomatoes that produce foresighted need support . Therefore , staking is important . After 3 - 4 week of transplanting , gage can be done . Staking should be provided using drawing string , conducting wire , or pin . It helps the plant to restrict its yield from getting exposed to H2O and land so that fruit rotting is prevented timely . Stacking also helps to perform intercultural operations in the field . Thus , it serve keep the quality of fruit .
Harvesting
Harvesting of the tomato depends on the variety sown . But , generally , the harvest home ordinarily starts 75 - 90 days from implant . There are dissimilar stages of harvest tomatoes depending on the transport musical mode , market distance , etc .
Further , grading and packing are done to transport the harvest to the market .
Yield
The yield of the crop depends upon the variety of Lycopersicon esculentum and the incidences of insects , gadfly , and disease in the harvest . On average , the take of tomatoes varies from 20 - 25t / ha .
Pests in Tomato farming
Fruit Borer
The scientific name for the pest isHelicoverpa armigera(Hubner ) . The female lays egg on flowers and feeds on leaves and then fruits . They make a trap in the yield and get one-half inside the fruit . It could damage half of the yield if not check timely .
Whiteflies
whitefly are known to be responsible for transmitting the Leaf curl virus . They suck nutrient from the leaves leave young leaves to deform . For management , apply ambuscade such as yellowed sticky traps for catching them .
Root-Knot Nematodes
The food and water intake capacity of the plant is affected ensue in stunted growth with yellow foliation of the plant . For control , use a nematode - tolerant Lycopersicon esculentum variety . Seed treatment and program of Carbofuran could help .
Diseases in Tomato farming
Powdery Mildew
The symptom of the disease include the show of white calcareous spots on leave of absence turn the parting yellow , cash in one’s chips , and drop off . Always select disease - free , healthy seeded player for harvest output , and also check that not to apply fertilizer in surplusage to the crop for it to be disease destitute .
Damping off
This disease occurs during the seedling stage . It is very vernacular in nursery during the pre - emergence stage where young seedlings die before extend to the soil surface . The disease leads to a weak stem and then collapse . For direction , quash poor drainage ground and raised seam techniques to be used to forfend the collecting of urine around .
Alternaria Blight
Necrotic spot with dark brown centers look on leaves along with lesions on the stem . Maintain proper irrigation , direction of pests , and prosperous growing conditions for the dominance of the disease .
Vertical tomato farming
Due to the addition in universe , there is an increase in the demand for harvest yield . Therefore , to encounter the demand of the ever - growing population , Vertical Farming and Hydroponics occur into the picture . Let ’s discuss what Vertical Farming and Hydroponics are and what are the benefits of these husbandry methods .
Vertical Farming refer to the method acting of produce crops in vertically layer tidy sum under ascertain conditions . It is just a method to grow tomatoes indoors so that husbandman could produce the crop , around the twelvemonth rise favorable conditions for the crop to grow .
Benefits of Vertical Farming
Hydroponics
aquiculture is a method that necessitate the production of tomatoes in nutrient - robust root rather than soil and is place in a non - soil fabric so that their roots are stomach .
Benefits of Hydroponics
a ) Production of tomatoes hydroponically allows faster ontogenesis of the craw than in soil .
b ) In Hydroponics , there is an efficient use of nutrients and water uptake . Therefore , production increases multiple times .
c ) Not turn the harvest in the soil bring down the hazard of territory - borne disease , pitiful drainage situations , and various problem including soil pH , brininess , or soil that might reduce the harvest payoff .
