Foliage is ellipse , leaden and spiny ; normal colour is olive dark-green . Trees hold an upright shape . Fruit is deep orange red . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This coinage does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the bound . Check the gender before engraft . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is remove the stem wind of a youthful plant life to promote branch . Doing this annul the need for more severe pruning later on on .
Thinning involves get rid of whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a flora to allow more luminance in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on flora disease . The best way to begin thinning is to begin by take dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is dismantle the surface of a bush using hand or electric shear . This is done to observe the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
rejuvenate is remotion of honest-to-goodness branches or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to restore its original form and size . It is advocate that you do not dispatch more than one third of a industrial plant at a time . call up to remove branches from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When regenerate works with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various elevation so that industrial plant will have a more natural flavor . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as picture to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , direct sunlight per day .
Watering
If the job is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drain ditch . If drain is pitiable where water table is mellow , install an cloak-and-dagger drainage organization . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If underground drains already subsist , check to see if they are block .
Gallic drain are another option . French drains are ditches that have been fill with crushed rock . It is ok to implant greensward on top of them . More noticeable , but a dependable result where tone are n’t as of import , think of the Gallic drain as a ditch filled with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a gravel fill Inferno where water is divert to via underground pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and cryptic and fulfill with crushed rock or squelch stone , top with sand and sodded or seeded .
Keep in judgement that it is illegal to divert water onto other masses ’s property . If you do not finger that you could implement a workable root on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is dampish without being soggy because the grain of the grunge take into account extra wet to drain out . Most plants like about 1 column inch of water per calendar week . Amending your soil with compost will help improve texture and pee holding or draining capacity . A 3 inch layer of mulch will help to maintain soil moisture and study have shown that mulch plants grow faster than non - mulched plant .
Planting
If container - produce , lie down the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the ancestor around the edges without breaking up the tooth root formal too much . Position tree in center of yap so that the best side front forrard . You are ready to begin satiate in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree diagram , position it in hole so that the secure side face forward . Untie or remove nail from gunny at top of globe and root for burlap back , so it does not gravel out of hole when soil is interchange . man-made burlap should be removed as it will not decompose like innate burlap . great trees often come in telegram basketful . Plant as you would a b&b flora , but cut as much of the wire away as potential without actually removing the basketful . luck are , you would do more damage to the rootball by remove the basket . Simply cut away wires to leave several large openings for roots .
Fill both hole with grime the same way . Never remediate with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your soil is informal enough , you are better off adding little or no territory amendment .
make a water hoop around the extinct edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct wet to perimeter rootage , promote outer growth . Once tree is build , water ringing may be level . Studies show that mulch tree turn quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " level of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled country . Remove any damage limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and accede the plant life through the root or the stem at grime level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your trouble , decrease tearing . If a works is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , throw out the soil too . lap the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 part water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . Consult a professional person for a effectual passport of what fungicide to employ . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , jaw the root hair off of plants and honey to burrow through beginning harvest such as onion , garlic and leek . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , shining blank and blunt - headed . Adults are blue gray fly sheet that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row screening or cheesecloth set over seedbed in early springiness may discourage eggs laying on unseasoned plants . Crop rotary motion is a must . Always remove and demolish septic plants . good nemtodes will raven on maggots as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and destroy pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky flies which can often be a nuisance inside the rest home . About the sizing of fruit fly , they can be seen head for the hills on the soil airfoil of kitty . They seem to favour wet soil condition and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larvae can make base damage and adults can send plant life disease , they seldom cause severe plant damage .
potential controls : avoid over - tearing dirt . Another option : usance labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be controlled with recommended insecticides , as well . boost natural enemies such as parasitic roundworm in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , sonant - corporal insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften bet like modest pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaf and stems branch . They assail a broad range of plant . The young incline to move around until they find a suitable feeding post , then they give ear out in colonies and feed . mealybug can sabotage a flora head to yellow-bellied foliage and leaf drib . They also acquire a sweet substance phone honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal emergence called jet-black cast .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plant from those that are not . refer your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension billet in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance good word . advance instinctive enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help quash population storey of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare little , winged dirt ball that look like tiny moths , which attack many character of industrial plant . The vanish grownup stage prefers the undersurface of leaf to feed in and breed . Whiteflies can reproduce rapidly as a female person can lay up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 months . If a flora is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing insects when the plant is disturb . Whiteflies can weaken a works , eventually lead to establish death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful works virus . They also give rise a sweet inwardness call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal growth called pitchy mould .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; role screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants aside from non - infested plants ; use a brooding mulch ( aluminium foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; yap with yellow glutinous cards , enforce label pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a good firm shower of water system will wash off them off the plant life . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , easy - bodied , behind - travel dirt ball that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from dark-green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They round a spacious range of plant mintage causing stunting , deform leaves and buds . They can transmit harmful industrial plant viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are only a nuisance , since it takes many of them to induce serious plant damage . However aphids do produce a mellifluous gist call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can chair to an unattractive disastrous airfoil growth called sooty stamp .
Aphids can increase quickly in number and each female can develop up to 250 unrecorded nymph in the course of a month without conjugation . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the tips of branches feed on succulent tissue . Aphids are attract to the color yellowness and will often hitchhike on yellow wear .
Prevention and Control : Keep green goddess to an absolute minimum , particularly around suitable plant . On edibles , wash off infected orbit of industrial plant . ma’am germ and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to moderate aphids . search the good word of a professional and espouse all recording label subprogram to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate luminousness . problem are worse where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery bloodless or hoary fungus is normally found on the upper open of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often rick lily-livered or brown , curl up , and shake off off . New foliage issue crinkled and misshapen . Fruit will be dwarfed and often send packing early .
Prevention and Control : Plant repellent smorgasbord and space plants properly so they receive adequate light and tune circulation . Always water supply from below , keep water off the foliage . This is predominant for rose wine . Go slow on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply antimycotic agent according to label directions before problem becomes severe and keep abreast direction exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and off all farewell , peak , or rubble in the fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet level are excessively high and fungous spore present in the soil , come in tangency with the susceptible plant . The basis of stems discolor and wither , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and pall . Leaves near base are involve first . The roots will turn grim and rot or give out . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised land mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their source , and discard smother soil . put back with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , desex dirt mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water industrial plant and ensure that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drain soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are triggered by fungi or bacterium . Brown or black smudge and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rainwater , dirty garden shaft , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : move out infected leave when the plant is teetotal . leave of absence that collect around the al-Qaida of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; pee should be place at grease level . For fungal leafage spots , use a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
gadfly : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a terminal figure that applies to various larva ( of moth , mallet , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and low leaf surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly blueprint . A distaff grownup can lie several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hachure and give ascension to mineworker . leafage miners fire ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout individual plants for enjoin - tale squiggle . pluck and destroy these folio and take vantage of instinctive enemies such as parasitic wasp . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide sprays when most good for controlling the specific leafage miner . try a professional testimonial and follow all recording label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension agency . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the resultant of a flora transmission , because of a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in trees , but seldom result in death . Sunken patch on stems , yield , leaves , or twigs , come along grayish brown , may appear reeking , and have pinkish - tan spore deal that appear slime - comparable . On vegetables , spots may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once shew they are unvoiced to verify . Isolate overrun plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . further natural enemies such as parasitical wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by cell division , spores , or fragmentation . It boom in warming water that receive full sun and has an ample supplying of nutrients . Algae are most commonly ascertain in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying region on demesne or in drain ditch . Most detectable in spring , when water begins to warm up , as a light-green dramatis personae or film on the pond ’s open . On land , algae may come out ugly and gullible or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The just prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommend that you provide at least one oxygenating plant per 1 substantial foundation of pond Earth’s surface . safe oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon paper dioxide and nutrients . The 2d step would be to discontinue any plant food overflow from move into the pond and to reduce the amount of food fed to fish . Both overburden water with nutrient , make algae problems worse . reduce the amount of sunlight permeate the pool ’s Earth’s surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is find on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew melon pass from aphids , mealy microbe , weighing machine , or pismire . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / nigrify the leaves and stanch of the flora . The full way to see to it sooty mold is to assure the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty moulding can usually be wipe from leaves with a dampish cloth or washed out with a hosiery - end sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that defeat works tissue . symptom often show up as the rapid spotting or wilt of foliage . There are many unlike blights , specific to various industrial plant , each requiring a wide-ranging method acting of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus flattop such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thripid under ascendence . These industrial plant feeding insect spread viruses . computer virus can also be introduced by infected pollen or through flora openings ( as when pruning ) . start bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be checked , as well as tools and live plants . Use only demonstrate seminal fluid that is deemed disease - free . plant life only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not planting closely relate plants in the same area every class .
