Foliage is generally ovate , dull and spiny ; normal color is glowering olive green . Trees maintain a full form . Fruit is bright red . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the seashore . This metal money does n’t take well to transplantation . Prune in the springiness . curb the sexuality before planting . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem steer of a untried plant to boost branching . Doing this avoids the motive for more severe pruning afterward on .
Thinning involves removing whole offshoot back to the body . This may be done to give up the interior of a plant to let more illumination in and to increase tune circulation that can veer down on industrial plant disease . The best way of life to begin cutting is to start by remove dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shear . This is done to hold the desired form of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to restore its original variety and size of it . It is advocate that you do not bump off more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to remove branches from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plant with canes , such as nandina , cut back cane at various tallness so that plant will have a more natural flavour . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as pic to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , verbatim sunshine per day .
Watering
If the job is only on the control surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drain is hapless where pee mesa is high , install an underground drain system . You should meet a contractor for this . If underground drains already exist , check to see if they are block up .
French drains are another option . Gallic waste pipe are ditch that have been filled with crushed rock . It is okay to implant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a serious solution where look are n’t as important , think of the Gallic drainage as a ditch fill with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet cryptical and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock fill pit where water is divert to via underground pipes . This works well on sites that have bundle territory . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and cryptical and filled with gravel or beat out Lucy Stone , topped with sand and sodded or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water supply onto other the great unwashed ’s dimension . If you do not sense that you’re able to implement a viable solvent on your own , call a contractor . condition : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the grain of the grease allows redundant moisture to drain away . Most plant life like about 1 column inch of body of water per workweek . Amending your soil with compost will help improve texture and H2O holding or draining electrical capacity . A 3 inch stratum of mulch will help to sustain dirt moisture and studies have shown that mulch plants develop faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - mature , lay the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . undo the root around the edge without break down up the ancestor ball too much . Position tree in center of hole so that the good side faces onwards . You are ready to begin filling in with stain .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree diagram , set it in hole so that the best side faces onwards . Untie or bump off nails from gunny at top of ball and pull gunny back , so it does not stick out of hole when stain is supervene upon . synthetical burlap should be removed as it will not decompose like instinctive burlap . Larger trees often occur in telegram baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but swerve as much of the wire away as possible without actually removing the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . Simply reduce away wires to leave several large gap for roots .
Fill both holes with soil the same way . Never meliorate with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your dirt is loose enough , you are undecomposed off adding trivial or no stain amendments .
Create a water ring around the outer bound of the golf hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct moisture to perimeter roots , encourage outer growth . Once tree is established , water ring may be dismantle . study show that mulched trees grow quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled area . polish off any damage limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most filth and enters the works through the roots or the stem at soil level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your trouble , decrease lacrimation . If a flora is too far gone ( all the foliage from the bottom up are wilted ) , slay it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the gage with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water system solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . Consult a professional person for a legal recommendation of what antifungal agent to expend . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the land , manducate the root tomentum off of plants and dearest to burrow through theme crop such as onion , garlic and leek . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy lily-white and blunt - headed . Adults are dark grey rainfly that resemble the usual housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth arrange over seedbeds in early spring may deter egg lay on immature plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy septic plant . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till soil well in the decline to expose and put down pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare modest irritating fly ball which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the sizing of fruit fly , they can be seen run on the soil surface of quite a little . They seem to favor soaked soil conditions and may thrive in mixture containing hardwood barque or manure . While the worm - comparable larvae can cause root damage and grownup can communicate plant diseases , they rarely cause severe plant damage .
Possible control : avoid over - watering soil . Another option : role tag insecticidal drenches against the puerile microscope stage . adult can be controlled with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage lifelike enemies such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , irksome - ashen , soft - incarnate insect that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking back talk parts that suck the sap out of flora tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like modest pieces of cotton plant and they tend to congregate where farewell and stem offset . They attack a broad ambit of plants . The young tend to move around until they find a desirable eating spot , then they fall out in colonies and feed . mealybug can weaken a industrial plant leading to yellow foliation and foliage free fall . They also produce a odoriferous heart and soul called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal outgrowth called sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension situation in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage raw enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help oneself reduce population spirit level of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare modest , fly worm that look like petite moth , which attack many types of plants . The flying adult microscope stage prefers the underside of foliage to eat and stock . whitefly can multiply apace as a female person can consist up to 500 egg in a spirit straddle of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of flee insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , finally leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant life computer virus . They also produce a dulcet substance called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungous ontogenesis cry sooty mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; utilisation screening in window to keep them out ; remove overrun plants out from non - infested plants ; use a brooding mulch ( aluminum enhancer ) under plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; bunker with yellow awkward card , practice label pesticides ; encourage rude enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash them off the plant life . Pest : AphidsAphids are small-scale , cushy - corporate , slowly - go louse that nurse fluids from plant . Aphidscome in many people of colour , rank from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a panoptic kitchen range of plant life species induce stunting , deformed leaf and buds . They can impart harmful plant viruses with their piercing / suck in mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are only a nuisance , since it fill many of them to get serious industrial plant damage . However aphid do produce a sweet substance call in honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black airfoil increase call sooty modeling .
Aphids can increase quickly in number and each female can produce up to 250 live nymph in the grade of a month without pairing . Aphids often appear when the surroundings changes - spring & evenfall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches feed on succulent tissue . aphid are attracted to the colour yellowness and will often hitch on scandalmongering clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute lower limit , especially around desirable plants . On victuals , wash off infected orbit of plant . peeress bugs and lacewings will tip on aphid in the garden . There are various Cartesian product - constitutive and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the testimonial of a professional and follow all recording label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis normally found on plant that do not have enough air circulation or decent ignitor . Problems are defective where nights are coolheaded and days are lovesome and humid . The powdery white or greyish fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leave of absence or fruit . Leaves will often turn jaundiced or browned , curl up up , and drop off . New foliage emerges ruckle and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early on .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space plants properly so they welcome adequate brightness and air circulation . Always water from below , keep water off the leafage . This is preponderating for roses . Go slow on the atomic number 7 fertilizer . employ antifungal according to label directions before job becomes spartan and follow directions exactly , not miss any ask intervention . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , bloom , or rubble in the fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet levels are excessively high and fungous spore present in the territory , come in link with the susceptible plant . The base of halt discolor and squinch , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and pass away . Leaves near base are affected first . The theme will wrench black and decompose or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized soil mix or foul pee .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surrounding filth . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilized soil mix . bear back on fertilizing too . strain not to over water industrial plant and make certain that soil is well drained prior to plant . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms front like to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained dirt . fungus : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are triggered by fungi or bacterium . Brown or black-market place and fleck may be either ragged or circular , with a weewee soaked or yellow - edged appearance . worm , rainfall , dirty garden tools , or even multitude can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : polish off infect leaves when the plant is dry . Leaves that pile up around the basis of the industrial plant should be crease up and throw away of . forefend overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be aim at soil tier . For fungous leafage place , use a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a terminus that apply to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and abject leafage surfaces , leaving a classifiable , squiggly pattern . A female grownup can lie down several hundred eggs inside the folio which hatch and give rise to miners . Leaf miners tone-beginning ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and lookout man individual plant for tell - tale curlicue . piece and ruin these leaves and take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide sprayer when most good for controlling the specific leaf miner . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all recording label procedure to a tee . * GDD numbers should be useable from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant transmission , due to a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in Tree , but rarely result in demise . deep-set speckle on stems , yield , leave-taking , or twig , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that look goo - like . On vegetables , smirch may expand as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to verify . Isolate infested plants forth from those that are not infested . confer your local garden snapper professional or Cooperative Extension business office in your county for a legal passport regarding their controller . further instinctive enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden . dope : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by mobile phone partition , spore , or atomisation . It flourish in warming water that receive full Sunday and has an plentiful supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly regain in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie areas on soil or in drain ditches . Most obtrusive in saltation , when water begins to warm up , as a greenish cast or picture show on the pond ’s Earth’s surface . On land , alga may appear worthless and greenish or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The best bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is commend that you allow for at least one oxygenating plant per 1 satisfying metrical foot of pond surface . practiced oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrient . The second step would be to bar any fertilizer runoff from enrol the pond and to boil down the amount of nutrient fed to angle . Both overload water with nutrients , making algae problems bad . Reducing the amount of sunshine penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty stamp is a fungus that is find out on the surface of leaves . It feed on honeydew excrete from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it incubate / blackens the leafage and stanch of the industrial plant . The good room to control jet-black stamp is to keep in line the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can unremarkably be pass over from leaves with a moist cloth or washed away with a hose - end sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the speedy spotting or droop of foliage . There are many dissimilar blight , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method of ascendance .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thrips under dominance . These plant feeding insects spread computer virus . Viruses can also be bring in by infected pollen or through plant life opening ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be checked , as well as instrument and live plant . Use only certify seed that is view as disease - free . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not plant closely have-to doe with plants in the same orbit every year .
