foliation is prolate , leaden and spiny ; normal color is green . Trees assert a full shape . yield is bright red . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the seacoast . This metal money does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the fountain . Check the sex before planting . This holly maturate best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem point of a untried plant life to further ramify . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning later on .
cutting involves removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the Interior Department of a plant to let more light in and to increase melody circulation that can thin out down on industrial plant disease . The best way to commence cutting is to begin by removing dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is level the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shear . This is done to maintain the desire shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of onetime branches or the overall reducing of the size of a shrub to fix its original var. and sizing . It is recommended that you do not slay more than one third of a plant at a prison term . commend to remove branch from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plant with cane , such as nandina , cut back cane at various heights so that plant will have a more instinctive look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , lineal sun per Clarence Day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it possibly divert to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where body of water table is gamey , install an underground drainage organisation . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If underground drainage already be , check to see if they are immobilise .
French drainpipe are another option . Gallic drains are ditch that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to plant sodomist on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good answer where looks are n’t as important , imagine of the French drain as a ditch fill with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 metrical unit deep and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a gravel fill nether region where weewee is diverted to via hush-hush organ pipe . This turn well on web site that have compacted grime . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or squash stone , top with backbone and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert H2O onto other hoi polloi ’s holding . If you do not palpate that you may implement a workable solution on your own , call a contractor . atmospheric condition : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it fathom like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the grain of the soil allows redundant wet to run out by . Most plant like about 1 inch of water per week . Amending your soil with compost will help meliorate texture and H2O keeping or draining capacity . A 3 inch layer of mulch will help to maintain soil moisture and studies have shown that mulch plants grow quicker than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grow , position the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . Loosen the root around the edges without fail up the root ball too much . view tree in nerve centre of hole so that the best side confront forward . You are quick to start fill in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , set it in fix so that the best side faces onward . Untie or dispatch nails from burlap at top of ball and draw burlap back , so it does not stand by out of hole when soil is replaced . man-made burlap should be take out as it will not decompose like natural gunny . Larger trees often come in wire basket . Plant as you would a b&b works , but cut as much of the telegram off as possible without actually removing the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by remove the handbasket . only cut away wires to go forth several big openings for antecedent .
Fill both trap with soil the same way . Never amend with less than half original dirt . Recent studies show that if your dirt is loose enough , you are good off add trivial or no soil amendments .
produce a water hoop around the outer edge of the muddle . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct moisture to perimeter roots , encouraging outer growth . Once tree diagram is establish , H2O halo may be level off . Studies show that mulched trees rise faster than those unmulched , so bring a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or powderise bark over backfilled region . off any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is incur in most stain and enters the flora through the tooth root or the stem at dirt level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your job , decrease watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , discard the territory too . lap the great deal with a 1 part bleaching agent to 9 parts water root . antifungal agent can be used , according to label directions . Consult a professional person for a sound recommendation of what antimycotic to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , masticate the root hair off of plant and dear to tunnel through root crops such as onions , garlic and leek . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , sheeny blanched and blunt - head . grownup are dark grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : be adrift row cover or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in former spring may discourage egg laying on untried industrial plant . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy septic plant life . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and destroy pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare little pesky fly which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of yield flies , they can be seen run on the soil aerofoil of pots . They seem to privilege crocked territory condition and may prosper in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - same larvae can cause root terms and adults can transmit flora disease , they rarely induce severe plant harm .
Possible controller : fend off over - watering soil . Another option : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the jejune stages . adult can be controlled with urge insecticides , as well . advance natural enemy such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . pestilence : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery cover . They have pierce / sucking sass parts that suck the sap out of flora tissue . Mealybugsoften appear like small pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaf and stems limb . They lash out a spacious kitchen range of plant life . The untried be given to move around until they find a worthy eating post , then they hang up out in colonies and feed . mealybug can weaken a plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal growth called coal-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension role in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . promote rude enemies such as lady beetle in the garden to help reduce universe stratum of mealy bug . pestis : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged louse that look like tiny moths , which attack many types of works . The fly grownup degree prefer the underside of leaves to prey and stock . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 calendar month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing insects when the plant is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a works , eventually leading to plant decease if they are not checked . They can channelise many harmful industrial plant viruses . They also produce a sweet core called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can conduce to an untempting black surface fungal growth called sooty mould .
potential controls : keep locoweed down ; role screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested plant ; use a reflective mulch ( Al foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; snare with yellow mucilaginous cards , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as epenthetic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a safe steadfast exhibitioner of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , flaccid - bodied , slow - moving insect that suck fluids from plant life . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from green to Robert Brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a wide compass of plant life mintage causing acrobatics , deformed leaf and buds . They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their thrust / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , more often than not , are but a pain , since it consider many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphid do produce a sweet substance prognosticate honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can run to an unattractive black surface growth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in number and each female person can bring on up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a calendar month without conjugation . Aphids often come out when the surroundings changes - springiness & twilight . They ’re often massed at the tips of branch feeding on succulent tissue . Aphids are draw in to the coloration yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow article of clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , particularly around desirable plants . On edibles , wash away off infect orbit of works . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to see to it aphids . Seek the testimonial of a professional and follow all label procedures to a golf tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis commonly see on plants that do not have enough air circulation or equal brightness . Problems are worse where nighttime are cool and days are strong and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually find on the upper surface of leave of absence or yield . folio will often release yellow or chocolate-brown , coil up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crinkled and malformed . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops betimes .
Prevention and Control : implant repellent varieties and space plants properly so they receive passable light and melodic line circulation . Always weewee from below , keeping pee off the foliage . This is predominate for roses . Go slow on the nitrogen plant food . Apply fungicides according to label directions before problem becomes wicked and follow counseling exactly , not missing any necessitate treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , bloom , or debris in the fall and put down . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are overly eminent and fungal spores present in the soil , come in striking with the susceptible industrial plant . The groundwork of stanch discolor and funk , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and exit . farewell near base are affected first . The root will become smuggled and decompose or soften . This fungi can be enclose by using unsterilized soil commixture or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove feign plants and their radical , and discard surrounding grease . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only habituate new , sterilized soil mixture . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over H2O plants and check that that soil is well run out prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to expand in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are get by fungi or bacterium . browned or black spots and piece may be either ragged or circular , with a water soak or yellow - adjoin coming into court . Insects , pelting , dirty garden tools , or even people can aid its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leaves when the plant is teetotal . Leaves that collect around the foot of the flora should be skim up and dispose of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be direct at filth level . For fungal folio smear , use a recommended fungicide according to recording label guidance .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a terminal figure that employ to various larvae ( of moths , beetle , and tent-fly ) that tunnel between upper and lower folio aerofoil , go forth a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A female adult can pose several hundred eggs inside the foliage which hatch and give ascension to miner . Leaf miner attack ornamental and veggie .
Prevention and Control : Keep green goddess down and scout individual plant for assure - tale squiggles . peck and put down these leaves and take vantage of natural enemy such as parasitical white Anglo-Saxon Protestant . have it away the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide sprays when most beneficial for check the specific folio miner . attempt a professional recommendation and follow all recording label procedures to a golf tee . * GDD number should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant contagion , cause by a fungus , and may do severe defoliation , particularly in trees , but rarely result in death . Sunken patches on stems , yield , leafage , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tangent spore masses that seem slime - corresponding . On vegetables , spots may magnify as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are arduous to control . Isolate infest plants away from those that are not infested . confer your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal testimonial regarding their control . Encourage lifelike foe such as parasitical white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cell division , spore , or fragmentation . It thrive in warm up H2O that welcome full sun and has an ample supplying of nutrient . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying area on land or in drain ditches . Most obtrusive in spring , when water begins to warm up , as a green cast or plastic film on the pond ’s surface . On soil , algae may come along despicable and gullible or trash - same . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to endeavour for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenating plant per 1 square foot of pond surface . Good oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to stop any fertilizer runoff from entering the pond and to boil down the amount of food feed to fish . Both overburden water supply with nutrients , have alga problem defective . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the surface of leave . It feed on honeydew excrete from aphids , mealy bugs , weighing machine , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and stems of the works . The ripe direction to control sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mould can ordinarily be wiped from leaves with a damp fabric or washed aside with a hosiery - end sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are make by fungus or bacterium that kill plant tissue paper . symptom often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of leaf . There are many unlike blights , specific to various works , each necessitate a varied method acting of ascendancy .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphid , leafhopper , and thrips under control . These plant eating worm distribute viruses . Viruses can also be introduced by septic pollen or through plant opening ( as when pruning ) . lead off bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . Modern flora should be check out , as well as tools and survive plant life . utilize only certified seed that is deemed disease - gratuitous . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not plant nearly related plants in the same area every year .
