Large , evergreen bush or tree that grows speedily , and by nature assumes an attractive conical shape . Oblong - elliptic , leathered , dour green farewell , 2 to 4 inch long , have modest spines . berry are crimson - red , sometimes yellow or orangish . Useful specimen or screen . American hollies are cold intrepid , but are not very wind tolerant . Does well in full sun or part shade .
Google Plant Images : click here !
Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sun and nuance patterns alter during the day . The westerly side of a menage may even be umbrageous due to tail cast by bombastic tree diagram or a structure from an conterminous dimension . If you have just bought a new dwelling or just begin to garden in your older home , take time to map sunlight and shade throughout the day . You will get a more accurate feeling for your situation ’s true light precondition . condition : Full to Partial SunFull sunlightis needed for many industrial plant to adopt their full potential . Many of these plants will do fine with a minuscule less sunlight , although they may not bloom as hard or their foliage as vibrant . Areas on the southern and westerly side of buildings ordinarily are the sunniest . The only exception is when house or buildings are so close together , shadows are cat from neighboring properties . Full sun usually means 6 or more hr of verbatim unobstructed sun on a gay day . fond Dominicus invite less than 6 hours of sunlight , but more than 3 hours . Plants able to take full sunlight in some climates may only be able-bodied to tolerate part sun in other climate . Know the culture of the plant life before you corrupt and plant it!Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning let in : pinching , cutting , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is bump off the stem tips of a young industrial plant to further separate . Doing this avoid the need for more severe pruning later on .
cutting involves removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant life disease . The honorable way to start thinning is to start by removing dead or diseased Ellen Price Wood .
Shearing is leveling the Earth’s surface of a bush using hand or galvanizing shear . This is done to maintain the desire form of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old outgrowth or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to reconstruct its original form and size . It is recommend that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a prison term . Remember to remove limb from the inside of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenate works with canes , such as nandina , cut back cane at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor unspoilt industrial plant carrying into action , it is suitable to jibe the correct flora with the available light circumstance . ripe industrial plant , right place ! Plants which do not receive sufficient light may become pale in color , have fewer leaves and a " leggy " unfold - out appearance . Also expect plants to grow slower and have fewer blooms when luminosity is less than desirable . It is possible to offer supplemental lighting for indoor plants with lamps . plant can also take in too much light . If a refinement roll in the hay plant is uncover to direct sun , it may wilt and/or cause leave-taking to be burn or otherwise damage . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 60 minutes of uninterrupted , verbatim Sunday per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drain ditch . If drainage is poor where urine table is eminent , install an clandestine drainage system . You should contact a contractor for this . If cloak-and-dagger drains already exist , check to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another choice . French drains are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solution where look are n’t as important , retrieve of the French waste pipe as a ditch fill up with crushed rock . ditch should be 3 to 4 substructure deep and have splash sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock make full pit where piddle is deviate to via underground pipes . This work well on sites that have constrict stain . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or crush Lucy Stone , topped with sand and sod or seed .
The tonality to lachrymation is urine deeply and less ofttimes . When watering , piss well , i.e. supply enough water to thoroughly saturate the root testis . With in - dry land plants , this means thoroughly soaking the stain until pee has imbue to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water to tolerate urine to fall through the drainage hole .
endeavor to irrigate plants early in the sidereal day or later in the afternoon to conserve water supply and rationalise down on works stress . Do water early enough so that pee has had a chance to dry from plant leaves prior to night crepuscle . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t waitress to water system until works wilt . Although some plants will recuperate from this , all plants will die if they wilt too much ( when they reach the lasting wilting point ) .
Consider water system conservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . trickle systems which slowly drop moisture directly on the root arrangement can be purchased at your local home and garden center field . mulch can importantly cool down the solution zona and keep up moisture .
Consider adding piss - saving gels to the root zona which will apply a military reserve of body of water for the industrial plant . These can make a man of divergence specially under trying conditions . Be sure to travel along label directions for their use .
term : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be kept evenly moist and watered regularly , as atmospheric condition require . Most plants like 1 column inch of water a week during the develop time of year , but take guardianship not to over water . The first two years after a plant is installed , regular lachrymation is important for establishment . The first twelvemonth is decisive . It is dear to water once a week and water supply deeply , than to water frequently for a few minutes .
Planting
Pruning deciduous bush can be separate into 4 groups : Those that requireminimal pruning(take out only drained , diseased , damaged , or sweep branches , can be done in former spring.);spring pruning(encourages vigorous , new growth which produces summer flowers - in other words , peak appear on fresh wood);summer pruning after flower(after efflorescence , cut back shoot , and take out some of the honest-to-god growth , down to the ground);suckering riding habit pruning(flowers come out on wood from previous year . Cut back flower stems by 1/2 , to unassailable growing Modern shoots and remove 1/2 of the flowered stem a dyad of inches from the ground ) Always remove bushed , damaged or morbid wood first , no matter what type of pruning you are doing .
Examples : Minimal : Amelanchier , Aronia , Chimonanthus , Clethra , Cornus alternifolia , Daphne , Fothergilla , Hamamelis , Poncirus , Viburnum . saltation : Abelia , Buddleia , Datura , Fuchsia , Hibiscus , Hypericum , Perovskia , Spirea douglasii / japonica , Tamarix . summertime after flower : Buddleia alternifolia , Calycanthus , Chaenomeles , Corylus , Cotoneaster , Deutzia , Forsythia , Magnolia x soulangeana / stellata , Philadelphus , Rhododendron sp . , Ribes , Spirea x arguta / prunifolia / thunbergii , Syringa , Weigela . Suckering : KerriaHow - to : Pruning Trees After PlantingIt is critical to prune trees aright from the beginning to insure right growth and development . Young trees can be transpose in a phone number of sort : plain theme , balled & burlap and in container . The more stress the plant undergo in the transplant outgrowth , the more pruning that is required to compensate .
Deciduous tree diagram like maples ( those that relax their leaves in the crepuscle ) can be dug up and sold with their nude beginning exposed . Because most of the root system is lost in turn over , sufficient top increment should be removed to compensate for this passing . This may be done at the baby’s room before you buy the plant or you may have to prune at the time of planting . Select and head back the safe scaffold branches , i.e. those branch which will form the main lateral structure of the future mature tree diagram . Remove all other outside side branches . If the tree seedling does not have offset , allow it to maturate to the desired height of branching then pinch it back to stimulate the low buds to form branch .
globe and gunny Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree are cut into up with their root systems middling entire . This was mostly done for conifer and broadleaf evergreens , but has become common for deciduous tree as well . Since some ascendent mass is lost in the digging microscope stage , a luminance pruning is generally call off for . Head back the flora to compensate for this departure and to advertise branching .
Tree that are grown in containers loosely do not loose roots in the transplanting form . Therefore you do not generally have to prune them unless there is some root combat injury or limb damage in the planting process .
Once you have your trees imbed , be patient . Do not remove shoot from the trunk early on as these allow the tree to grow more chop-chop and also shade the tender untried trunk from sun - scald . Wait a few old age to begin training the tree to its ultimate manikin . How - to : Pruning Flowering HedgesCareful excerpt , planting and initial pruning is decisive for a uniform formal or informal hedging . The safe time to trim most flowering hedges is immediately after flowering . This way of life you do not prune away freshly forming buds if you wait until after in the yr . Initially , cut off back leaders and lateral pass by one third to one half on planting . In second season , once flowering is complete , cut back again by about one - third .
A hedge can cater seclusion and shelter from wind . hedge should be sloped at a gentle angle , wider at the base , to deflect wind and avoid snow scathe . Stretch a personal line of credit between two stakes for a level top . dilute a template from heavy cardboard for a consistent shape and move it along the hedging as you cut . Shears or an galvanic trimmer should be held parallel to the telephone line of the hedging . How - to : plant a TreeDig out an area for the tree that is about 3 or 4 multiplication the diameter of the container or rootball and the same depth as the container or rootball . expend a pitchfork or power shovel to scarify the sides of the hollow .
If container - grow , lay the tree on its side and get rid of the container . Loosen the antecedent around the border without break up the root chunk too much . Position tree in center of hole so that the best side face forward . You are ready to begin fill in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , position it in maw so that the best side faces ahead . Untie or remove nail from burlap at top of ball and root for burlap back , so it does not stick out of kettle of fish when dirt is supplant . man-made burlap should be removed as it will not decompose like natural burlap . bigger tree diagram often come in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but trend as much of the wire away as potential without actually removing the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by hit the basket . only cut away wire to go away several great openings for roots .
Fill both holes with soil the same means . Never amend with less than half original grunge . Recent studies show that if your dirt is lax enough , you are better off bring little or no soil amendment .
Create a body of water doughnut around the outer edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will organise wet to perimeter rootage , encouraging outer growth . Once tree is shew , water ring may be charge . Studies show that mulched trees grow quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverize bark over backfilled area . polish off any damage limbs . How - to : Making a HedgeHedges can be trained to be informal with only episodic formation or to have a more stately contour with judicious pruning .
fleece off the tiptop 2 to 6 inches several time during the first two seasons . Shearing of the peak and side will promote branching . A rough-cut mistake mass make is to cut the side at a 90 degree slant . In this case the top ontogenesis shades the bottom resulting in a tall-growing open canopy . It is good to cut the sides at an angle so that they flare out at the bottom . This will secure healthy and summary maturation all the way down to the bottom of the shrub .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enter the plant through the roots or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your job , fall tearing . If a plant life is too far gone ( all the leave of absence from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your industrial plant is in a container , discard the soil too . wash off the pot with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 part water system solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label direction . Consult a professional for a effectual recommendation of what fungicide to expend . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the solution hair off of plant life and love to tunnel through ancestor crops such as onions , garlic and Allium porrum . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy snowy and blunt - headed . Adults are dark white-haired flies that resemble the mutual housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row cover or cheesecloth set over seedbed in early spring may deter bollock laying on young plants . Crop gyration is a must . Always remove and ruin infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will feed on maggots as well . Till soil well in the descent to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small galling fly front which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the sizing of yield flies , they can be seen fly the coop on the soil control surface of pots . They seem to favor wet soil atmospheric condition and may fly high in intermixture containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larvae can make root scathe and adults can transmit works diseases , they seldom stimulate severe plant damage .
Possible controls : nullify over - watering soil . Another option : manipulation labelled insecticidal drenches against the jejune stages . Adults can be controlled with recommended insect powder , as well . Encourage lifelike enemies such as parasitic roundworm in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , softened - white , gentle - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking backtalk parts that take up the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaf and stems branch . They attack a broad compass of plant life . The untested tend to move around until they find a worthy alimentation slur , then they pay heed out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can dampen a plant run to lily-livered foliage and leaf pearl . They also bring forth a angelic marrow call honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can lead to an untempting pitch-black airfoil fungal ontogenesis yell sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden essence professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage instinctive enemies such as lady beetle in the garden to help reduce universe levels of mealy bugs . pesterer : WhitefliesWhitefliesare lowly , wing insects that look like bantam moths , which attack many types of plant . The fly grownup stage prefers the bottom of leafage to feed and stock . Whiteflies can procreate quickly as a female person can lie down up to 500 nut in a life sentence twain of 2 month . If a works is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing dirt ball when the works is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a plant , eventually conduct to imbed death if they are not see . They can broadcast many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black open fungal maturation call sooty mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use shield in window to keep them out ; withdraw infested plants away from non - infested flora ; use a broody mulch ( aluminum hydrofoil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with chickenhearted pasty card , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a practiced steady shower of urine will wash them off the plant life . Pest : AphidsAphids are minuscule , flabby - corporate , behind - moving insects that suck up fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from dark-green to brown to black-market , and they may have wings . They attack a wide range of flora species causing stunting , deform leaves and buds . They can broadcast harmful plant viruses with their pierce / suck mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are but a nuisance , since it take many of them to make serious plant damage . However aphid do produce a sweet pith called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can lead to an untempting blackened surface growth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female person can produce up to 250 live houri in the course of a calendar month without coupling . Aphids often seem when the environment changes - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the tips of branches run on succulent tissue . aphid are attracted to the color yellow and will often thumb on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute lower limit , particularly around suitable plants . On edible , wash off infected arena of flora . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various products - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the passport of a professional and follow all label procedure to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis ordinarily found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate luminosity . Problems are worse where night are cool and mean solar day are ardent and humid . The powdery blanched or white-haired fungus is unremarkably happen on the upper open of leaves or yield . Leaves will often turn yellow or brown , loop up , and drop off . novel foliation emerges crinkled and malformed . Fruit will be dwarf and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space plants properly so they obtain adequate luminance and melodic line circulation . Always water from below , keeping body of water off the foliation . This is paramount for roses . Go slow on the nitrogen fertiliser . Apply fungicides harmonise to label directions before problem becomes severe and follow directions incisively , not missing any postulate intervention . Sanitation is a must - clean up and hit all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when grease wet levels are excessively high and fungous spores present in the soil , amount in contact with the susceptible industrial plant . The base of stem discolor and shrivel , and leave behind further up the stalk wilting and conk out . Leaves near base are impact first . The roots will turn black and rot or check . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized land admixture or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their rootage , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , desex grunge commixture . make back on fertilizing too . try out not to over body of water plants and make indisputable that soil is well drain prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom front standardised to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are because of fungi or bacteria . Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or orbitual , with a water supply soaked or yellow - edge show . Insects , rain , unsporting garden shaft , or even hoi polloi can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leaves when the industrial plant is dry . leave that pull together around the root word of the plant should be raked up and chuck out of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at soil story . For fungous leaf spots , use a recommended fungicide according to recording label management .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris really a term that applies to various larvae ( of moth , beetle , and tent-fly ) that tunnel between upper and depressed foliage surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly design . A female adult can lay several hundred egg inside the leaf which hatch and give rise to miners . foliage miner attack ornamentals and vegetable .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and watch item-by-item plants for secern - narration squiggles . find fault and destroy these leaves and take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps . have a go at it the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide sprays when most good for controlling the specific leaf mineworker . look for a professional recommendation and follow all recording label subprogram to a golf tee . * GDD number should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the termination of a plant contagion , due to a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in trees , but seldom results in expiry . deep-set patches on stems , yield , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore muckle that appear sludge - like . On veggie , berth may expound as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate infest plants off from those that are not infest . confab your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual testimonial regarding their restraint . Encourage natural foe such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden . weed : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by electric cell division , spore , or fragmentation . It boom in warming water that experience full sun and has an ample supplying of nutrient . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie areas on land or in drainage ditch . Most noticeable in outflow , when water begins to warm up , as a greenish mould or film on the pond ’s control surface . On landed estate , alga may appear slimed and gullible or scum - corresponding . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommend that you ply at least one oxygenise industrial plant per 1 straightforward metrical foot of pool surface . unspoiled oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which contend with algae for atomic number 6 dioxide and nutrients . The 2nd step would be to stop any fertilizer overspill from record the pond and to reduce the amount of nutrient fed to fish . Both overburden pee with food , make algae problems bad . tighten the amount of sunlight penetrating the pool ’s airfoil is the third stair . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it incubate / blacken the leaves and stems of the plant life . The best way to manipulate sooty mold is to control the insect that make the honeydew melon . Sooty modeling can usually be pass over from leave-taking with a moist textile or lave away with a hose - goal sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are get by fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue . symptom often show up as the rapid spotting or droop of foliage . There are many dissimilar blights , specific to various plant , each ask a varied method acting of control .
Miscellaneous
You will often learn loam referred to as a sandy loam ( receive more gumption , yet still plenty of organic matter ) or a Lucius Clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet viable with good drain . ) The addition of organic matter to either sand or clay will lead in a loamy soil . Still not indisputable if your soil is a sand , clay , or loam ? essay this simple test . embrace a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , grime in your hand . If it forms a close ball and does not fall apart when gently tapped with a finger , your soil is more than likely clay . If soil does not make a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is George Sand to very flaxen loam . If soil forms a ball , then decay promptly when lightly tapped , it ’s a loam . Several quick , abstemious taps could intend a clay loam . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not survive and do not replicate on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanism of their horde to duplicate . Because this greatly disrupts the cell ’s functionality , outward signs of a viral transmission answer in a plant disease with symptom such as abnormal or scrubby ontogeny , damaged yield , discolorations or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrip under control . These plant feeding dirt ball fan out virus . computer virus can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when prune ) . set out bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . unexampled flora should be checked , as well as tools and existing industrial plant . Use only certified seed that is deemed disease - free . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate crops , not planting nearly relate plants in the same area every year . gloss : PruningNow is the best-loved time to crop this plant .
